What is the name given to the shortest distance between two points on the Earth's globe?

The shortest distance between two points on the Earth's surface is known as the Great Circle. This concept is fundamental in navigation and geography, as it represents the largest circle that can be drawn on the surface of a sphere, dividing it into two equal hemispheres. When plotted on a globe, the Great Circle route accounts for the curvature of the Earth, which means it will be the most efficient path between two locations.

For instance, when an aircraft or ship navigates long distances, it will typically follow a Great Circle route to minimize fuel consumption and time, as compared to following a straight line on a flat map, which can distort distances due to the Earth's curvature.

In contrast, terms like the Rhumb Line denote a path of constant bearing that crosses all meridians at the same angle but is not the shortest distance. The Spherical Path is not a widely recognized term in this context, and while the Direct Path might imply a straight route, it lacks the specificity of the Great Circle in representing the shortest distance on a spherical surface. Understanding these concepts is crucial for pilots and navigators to plan efficient routes.