When is the second freedom of Air applied regarding technical landings?

The second freedom of air is specifically concerned with the allowance for an aircraft to land in a foreign country exclusively for technical reasons, which includes operational necessities such as refueling or maintenance. This principle is aimed at providing airlines the flexibility necessary to operate efficiently across international borders.

When an aircraft makes a technical landing in another contracting state without the intention of taking on passengers or cargo in that country, it abides by the second freedom of air. This provision serves to facilitate international aviation by allowing carriers to handle operational necessities even while traversing foreign airspaces.

Landing for refueling, while often included as a part of technical landings, specifically refers to the process rather than to the broader scope of technical landings themselves. Conducting training flights or experiencing mechanical failure could involve technical landings, but they do not directly relate to the established framework of the second freedom of air, which primarily stipulates landings necessitated by operational needs rather than emergencies or training objectives.