Which design features improve static lateral stability in an aircraft?

The design features that improve static lateral stability in an aircraft are characterized by a high wing configuration and a large vertical fin.

A high wing design generally enhances lateral stability because the center of gravity is positioned lower relative to the wing's position, which contributes to a self-restoring moment when the aircraft experiences a yaw. If an aircraft with a high wing encounters a lateral disturbance, the resulting adverse yaw is countered by the higher location of the wing, which allows the lift vector to produce a moment that brings the aircraft back on course.

Additionally, a large vertical fin plays a crucial role in enhancing lateral stability. The size of the vertical fin directly influences the damping moment it can provide during sideslip. A larger vertical fin increases aerodynamic surface area, allowing the aircraft to maintain directional stability by facilitating effective yaw corrections to counter any deviations from the intended flight path.

In contrast, the other design features mentioned in the alternative options would not effectively enhance lateral stability. For instance, a low wing configuration tends to make the aircraft less stable laterally, while smaller vertical fins do not provide adequate yaw authority to correct disturbances. Mid wing designs with no vertical fin lack the necessary control surface to maintain stability, and while a high wing with a high aspect ratio tail has its